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The Stock Market: Beyond Risk Lies Uncertainity |
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ENDNOTES |
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1 |
This is the title of what is perhaps the best-known chapter in Knight's book "Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit." |
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See Barnes (2001) for an article on this topic. |
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The baffling difference between survival and maximizing the expected value of final wealth is known as the St. Petersburg Paradox. |
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4 |
The data are from Ibbotson Associates (2002). |
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For a summary of the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances, see Kennickell, Starr-McCluer and Surette (2000). |
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Revising up the subjective probability of tails coming up on the next flip after a run of heads is known as the gambler's fallacy. |
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Arnott, Robert D. and Bernstein, Peter L. "What Risk Premium is Normal'?" Financial Analysts Journal. March/April 2002, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 64-85. |
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Balke, Nathan S. and Gordon, Robert J. "Appendix B: Historical Data" in: Robert J. Gordon, ed., The American Business Cycle: Continuity and Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986, pp. 781-850. |
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Barnes, Julian E. "A Bicycling Mystery: Head Injuries Piling Up." The New York Times, July 29, 2001, p. 1, col. 3. |
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Buffett, Warren. "Warren Buffett on the Stock Market," with Carol Loomis, Fortune Investor's Guide 2002, Dec. 10, 2001, pp. 80-94. |
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Campbell, John Y. and Shiller, Robert J. "Valuation Ratios and the Long-Run Stock Market Outlook: An Update." Working Paper 8221, National Bureau of Economic Research. <http://nber.org/papers/w8221>. |
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Dimson, Elroy; Marsh, Paul; and Staunton, Mike. Triumph of the Optimists: 101 Years of Global Investment Returns. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002. |
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Ibbotson Associates. Stocks, Bonds, Bills, and Inflation. 2002 Yearbook. Chicago: Ibbotson Associates, 2002. |
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Kennickell, Arthur B.; Starr-McCluer, Martha; and Surette, Brian J. "Recent Changes in U.S. Family Finances: Results from the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances." Federal Reserve Bulletin, January 2000, Vol. 86, pp. 1-29, <http://www.federalreserve.gov>. |
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Knight, Frank H. Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1921. Online edition: <http://www.econlib.org/library/Knight/ knRUP.html>. |
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Lowenstein, Roger. When Genius Failed: The Rise and Fall of Long-Term Capital Management. New York: Random House, 2000. |
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Shleifer, Andrei. Inefficient Markets: An Introduction to Behavioral Finance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. |
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Siegel, Jeremy J. Stocks for the Long Run: The Definitive Guide to Financial Market Returns and Long-Term Investment Strategies. 2nd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998. |
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Smith, Edgar L. Common Stocks as Long Term Investments. New York: MacMillan, 1924. |
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